1銆佸墛鍑 abatement
鍦ㄦ薄鏌撶墿鎴栨帓鏀剧墿鎺掑嚭涔嬪墠锛岄檷浣庢垨鍑忓皯鍏舵帓鍑洪噺銆侟/p>
2銆佹皵婧惰兌 aerosol
鍥轰綋棰楃矑銆佹恫浣撻绮掓垨浜岃€呭湪姘斾綋浠嬭川涓殑鎮诞浣撶郴銆傝繖浜涢绮掔墿鍦ㄨ浣撶郴涓殑闄嶈惤閫熷害寰堝皬銆侟/p>
3銆佺┖姘旀薄鏌撶墿 air pollutant
鐢变簬浜虹被娲诲姩鎴栬嚜鐒惰繃绋嬶紝鎺掓斁鍒板ぇ姘斾腑鐨勫浜烘垨鐜浜х敓涓嶅埄褰卞搷鐨勭墿璐ㄣ€侟/p>
4銆佺┖姘旀薄鏌 air pollution
鐢变簬浜虹被娲诲姩鎴栬嚜鐒惰繃绋嬶紝浣垮緱鎺掓斁鍒板ぇ姘斾腑鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑娴撳害鍙婃寔缁椂闂磋冻浠ュ浜虹殑鑸掗€傛劅銆佸仴搴枫€佷互鍙婂璁炬柦鎴栫幆澧冧骇鐢熶笉鍒╁奖鍝嶆椂锛岀О涓虹┖姘旀薄鏌撱€侟/p>
5銆佸焹鏍规牳 Aitken nuclei
鍩冩牴鏍告寚绮掑緞灏忎簬 0.1渭m 鐨勬皵婧惰兌棰楃矑锛屼竴鑸瓨鍦ㄤ簬澶ф皵涓紝娴撳害浠庡崈鍒嗕箣鍑犲埌鍗佸垎涔嬪嚑涓嶇瓑锛岄€氳繃浜虹被娲诲姩鎴栬嚜鐒惰繃绋嬩骇鐢燂紝涔熷彲鐢辩墿鐞嗐€佸寲瀛﹀弽搴斿舰鎴愩€侟/p>
6銆佺幆澧冪┖姘 ambient air
鎸囦汉缇ゃ€佹鐗┿€佸姩鐗╁拰寤虹瓚鐗╂墍鏆撮湶鐨勫澶栫┖姘斻€侟/p>
7銆佺幆澧冪┖姘旇川閲 ambient air quality
鐢辨薄鏌撶▼搴︽寚绀哄嚭鐨勭幆澧冪┖姘旂姸鎬併€侟/p>
8銆佺幆澧冪┖姘旇川閲忔爣鍑 ambient air quality standard
娉曞緥瑙勫畾鐨勫悇绉嶇幆澧冪┖姘旇川閲忕殑鏍囧噯锛岄€氬父瑙勫畾鏌愪竴娈垫椂闂村唴绌烘皵姹℃煋鐗╂祿搴﹀钩鍧囧€肩殑涓娿€佷笅闄愩€侟/p>
9銆侀櫎灏樺櫒 arrester
闄ゅ幓姘斾綋浠嬭川涓绮掔墿鐨勪竴绉嶈缃€侟/p>
10銆佺伆 ash
鍚⒊鐗╄川鐕冪儳鍚庢畫瀛樼殑鍥轰綋娈嬫福銆傝櫧鐒剁伆涓彲鑳藉惈鏈夋湭瀹屽叏鐕冪儳鐨勫彲鐕冪墿锛屼絾鏄粠鍒嗘瀽鐨勮鐐圭湅锛屽父鍋囧畾鍏舵槸瀹屽叏鐕冪儳鍚庣殑浜х墿銆侟/p>
11銆?鍦扮悆)澶ф皵 atmosphere (of the Earth)
鐜粫鍦扮悆鐨勬暣涓┖姘旂粍鎴愩€侟/p>
12銆佸钩鍧囨椂闂 averaging time
(渚濇嵁娴嬪畾鏂规硶涓嶅悓浜х敓锛?鍦ㄥ叾鏃堕棿闂撮殧鍐呯┖姘旇川閲忚〃绀轰负骞冲潎鍊笺€侟/p>
13銆佸ぇ姘旀薄鏌撶墿)鑳屾櫙娴撳害 background concentration (of air pollution)
鍦ㄤ竴瀹氬湴鍩熷唴锛屼笌鎵€鐮旂┒鐨勬薄鏌撴簮涓嶇洿鎺ュ叧鑱旂殑閭ｉ儴鍒嗙┖姘旇川閲忋€侟/p>
14銆佽寮忛櫎灏樺櫒 bag filter
绾ょ淮鏋勬垚鐨勫幓闄ゆ皵娴佷腑棰楃矑鐗╃殑杩囨护瑁呯疆銆侟/p>
15銆佽婊ゅ baghouse
杩囨护鍣ㄥ拰鏈烘瑁呯疆鐨勭粍鍚堬紝鑳藉皢棰楃矑鐗╂竻闄ゅ苟鎺掑叆鍒板閮ㄩ槻鎶ょ殑鏀堕泦绠便€侟/p>
16銆佸懠鍚稿甫 breathing zone
浜虹被鍛煎惛鐩存帴鍒╃敤鐨勯偅閮ㄥ垎澶ф皵銆侟/p>
17銆佹墿鏁ｅ櫒 bubbler
閫氳繃娑蹭綋鍚告敹浠嬭川浼犻€掓皵浣撴牱鏈殑瑁呯疆銆傛皵浣撹緭鍏ョ鐨勬湯绔彃鍏ユ恫闈笅锛岀敋鑷冲畨瑁呭垎閰嶅櫒灏嗘皵浣撳交搴曞垎鏁ｅ埌娑蹭綋涓€侟/p>
18銆佺骇鑱斿啿鍑诲彇鏍峰櫒 cascade impactor
鐢ㄥ啿鍑荤殑鍘熺悊锛屾寜鍐查噺澶у皬锛屽彲浠ュ悓鏃跺垎鍒噰闆嗕笉鍚岀矑寰勯绮掔墿鐨勪竴绉嶉噰鏍峰櫒銆侟/p>
19銆佺儫鍥辨晥搴 chimney effect
鍥犳俯宸€屼娇灞€閮ㄧ┖姘旀垨鍏朵粬姘斿洟鍚戜笂绉诲姩鐨勭幇璞°€侟/p>
20銆佹埅姝㈢偣 cut off
鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭潯浼翠笅锛岄噰鏍峰櫒鐨勬崟闆嗘晥鐜囩瓑浜庤瀹氬€兼椂鎵€瀵瑰簲鐨勯绮掔墿绮掑緞銆侟/p>
21銆佹棆椋庡垎绂诲櫒鎴栨皵鏃 cyclone
鍒╃敤姘斾綋杩愬姩鎵€浜х敓鐨勭蹇冨姏浣跨矇灏樻垨娑叉淮浠庢皵浣撲腑鍒嗙鐨勪竴绉嶅垎绂诲櫒銆 浼存湁鏃嬭浆椋庣郴缁熺殑澶ф皵浣庡帇鍖猴紝绉颁负姘旀棆銆侟/p>
22銆侀珮鏂墿鏁ｅ弬鏁 dispersion parameters, Gaussian
琛ㄨ堪楂樻柉姘斾綋鎵╂暎妯″瀷涓皵浣撴墿鏁ｈ寖鍥村ぇ灏忛殢鐫€杩愬姩璺濈鍜屾椂闂村彉鍖栫殑鍙傛暟銆傚畠闅忕潃澶ф皵绋冲畾搴︾殑鍙樺寲鑰屽彉鍖栥€侟/p>
23銆佹恫婊 droplet
鍏锋湁涓€瀹氬瘑搴︾殑灏忔恫浣撻绮掞紝绮掑緞涓€鑸皬浜 200渭m銆傚湪绌烘皵闈欐鐨勬儏鍐典笅瀹冨彲闄嶈惤涓嬫潵锛屼絾鍦ㄦ箥娴佺殑鎯呭喌涓嬪彲鎮诞鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑銆侟/p>
24銆佺矇灏 dust
閫氬父鎸囩┖姘斿姩鍔涘綋閲忕洿寰勫湪 75渭m 浠ヤ笅鐨勫浐浣撳皬棰楃矑鐗┿€傝兘鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑鎮诞涓€娈垫椂闂达紝闈犳湰韬噸閲忓彲浠庣┖姘斾腑娌夐檷涓嬫潵銆侟/p>
25銆佹湁鏁堢儫鍥遍珮搴 effective chimney height
鐑熷洷鎺掑嚭鐑熸皵鎵╂暎鍏紡涓噰鐢ㄧ殑楂樺害锛屽嵆鐑熷洷楂樺害鍔犱笂鐑熸皵鎶崌楂樺害銆傜儫姘旀姮鍗囬珮搴﹀彇鍐充簬鐑熸皵鍑哄彛閫熷害銆佹俯搴﹀強椋庨€熺瓑鍥犵礌锛屼篃鍙兘鍙楀湴褰㈢殑褰卞搷銆侟/p>
26銆侀潤鐢甸櫎灏樺櫒 electrostatic precipitator
鍒╃敤姘斾綋閫氳繃寮虹數鍦轰娇棰楃矑鐗╁甫鐢点€佸啀閫氳繃鐢垫瀬鏃跺甫姝?璐熺數鑽烽绮掔墿鍒嗗埆琚礋/姝ｇ數鏋佹澘鍚搁檮鐨勬柟寮忛櫎鍘绘皵娴佷腑棰楃矑鐗╃殑涓€绉嶈缃€侟/p>
27銆佹窐鏋 elutriation
褰撻绮掔墿鎮诞鍦ㄦ祦鍔ㄧ殑娴佷綋涓椂锛屽埄鐢ㄥ畠浠叿鏈変笉鍚岀殑娌夐檷閫熷害鑰屽皢鍏跺垎绂荤殑鏂规硶銆侟/p>
28銆佹帓鏀 emission
鐗╄川鎺掑埌澶ф皵涓殑杩囩▼锛屾帓鏀剧墿璐ㄧ殑鐐规垨闈㈢О涓衡€滄帓鏀炬簮鈥濄€傛湰鍚嶈瘝鐢ㄤ簬鎻忚堪鎺掑嚭鍙婃帓鍑洪€熺巼锛屼篃鍙敤浜庡櫔澹般€佺儹绛夋柟闈€€侟/p>
29銆佹帓鏀炬祿搴 emission concentration
绌烘皵姹℃煋鐗╀簬鎺掓斁鍙ｅ锛屽湪鎺掓斁鐗╀腑鐨勬祿搴︺€侟/p>
30銆佹帓鏀剧郴鏁 emission factor
琛ㄨ堪涓€绉嶇┖姘旀薄鏌撶墿鍦ㄦ煇绉嶆椿鍔ㄤ笅鐨勪骇鐢熸瘮渚嬶紝瀹冩槸鐢辨薄鏌撶墿浜х敓閲忎笌娲诲姩鐨勬瘮鍊艰绠楀嚭鏉ョ殑銆備緥濡傜敓浜ф瘡鍚ㄩ挗閾佹墍鎺掓斁鐨勪簩姘у寲纭噺銆侟/p>
31銆佹帓鏀鹃€氶噺 emission flux
鍗曚綅鎺掓斁婧愭埅闈㈢殑鎺掓斁閫熺巼銆侟/p>
32銆佹帓鏀鹃€熺巼 emission rate
鍗曚綅鏃堕棿鍐呭悜澶ф皵涓帓鏀剧殑姹℃煋鐗╃殑閲?鎴栧叾浠栫墿鐞嗛噺)銆侟/p>
33銆佹帓鏀炬爣鍑 emission standard
閽堝姣忕鎺掓斁閫熺巼鐨勬硶瀹氭帓鏀剧姸鍐点€傜粡甯稿畾涔変负鏌愮鎺掓斁閫熺巼涓嬬殑鏈€灏忔帓鏀鹃噺锛屾垨鑰呭湪瑙勫畾鐨勭█閲婃按骞充笅鐨勬帓鏀炬祿搴︽垨鑰呭叾浠栭噺鍊笺€侟/p>
34銆佺瓑鏁堢洿寰 equivalent diameter
鍦ㄥ嚑浣曞銆佸厜瀛︺€佺數瀛︽垨绌烘皵鍔ㄥ姏瀛︾瓑鏂归潰鐨勬€ц兘涓婁笌琚爺绌剁殑棰楃矑鐗╃浉褰撶殑鐞冨舰棰楃矑鐗╃洿寰勩€侟/p>
35銆侀鐏 fly ash
鐕冪儳鐕冩枡鏃剁儫姘斾腑澶瑰甫鐨勭粏灏忛绮掔墿銆侟/p>
36銆侀浘 fog
閫氬父鎸囨恫婊村湪姘斾綋涓殑鎮诞浣撶郴銆傛皵璞″涓婂垯鎸囦娇鑳借搴﹀噺灏忓埌 1km 浠ュ唴鐨勬按婊村湪澶ф皵涓殑鎮诞浣撶郴銆侟/p>
37銆佺儫灏 fume
涓€绉嶅浐浣撻绮掓皵婧惰兌锛屼竴鑸槸鍦ㄥ喍鐐艰繃绋嬩腑鐢辩啍鍖栫殑鐗╄川钂稿彂鍚庡嚌鑱氳€屼骇鐢燂紝骞朵笖缁忓父浼撮殢姘у寲鍙嶅簲銆侟/p>
38銆佹皵鍖栧嚌绮 fumes
涔犳儻涓婃寚绌轰腑浜х敓鐨勪护浜轰笉蹇€佹伓鑷殑浜х墿锛屽畠鍙互浠庡寲瀛﹀弽搴旇繃绋嬩骇鐢熴€侟/p>
39銆佺啅娌 fumigation
褰撻€嗘俯灞傞伃鐮村潖鏃讹紝琚€嗘俯灞傛墍闃荤暀鐨勬薄鏌撶墿杩呴€熷湴琚箥娴佸甫鍒板湴闈㈢殑涓€绉嶅ぇ姘旂幇璞°€侟/p>
40銆佸皹绮 grit
鍦ㄥぇ姘旀垨鐑熼亾涓皵杞界殑鍥轰綋棰楃矑鐗╋紝鍏剁┖姘斿姩鍔涚瓑鏁堢洿寰勯€氬父澶т簬 75渭m銆侟/p>
41銆佸皹
鎸囨偓娴湪姘斾綋涓竴娈垫椂闂寸殑鍚勭绮掑緞鍥轰綋棰楃矑鐗╃殑涓€鑸湳璇€侟/p>
42銆佸湴闈㈡祿搴 groundlevel concentration
閫氬父涓轰綅浜庡湴闈㈡垨鍛煎惛甯﹂珮搴︼紝鍗曚綅浣撶Н绌烘皵涓浐浣撱€佹恫浣撴垨姘斾綋鐗╄川鐨勯噺銆侟/p>
43銆侀溇 haze
澶ч噺鏋佺粏寰殑銆佸崟浣撹倝鐪间笉鍙鐨勫井绮掓偓娴湪绌轰腑锛岃€屼娇澶ф皵鍛堢幇鍑轰钩鐧借壊銆佽兘瑙佸害闄嶄綆鐨勭幇璞°€侟/p>
44銆佹帓鍏 immission
姹℃煋鐗╀粠澶ф皵鍚戔€滃彈浣撯€濅笂鐨勮浆绉汇€備緥濡傛薄鏌撶墿琚偤鑴忓瓨鐣欍€傚畠涓庢帓鏀剧殑鎰忎箟鐩稿弽銆侟/p>
45銆佹帓鍏ュ墏閲 immission dose
鍦ㄦ毚闇叉湡闂村彈浣撴帴鍙楁薄鏌撶墿鐨勭疮绉噺銆侟/p>
46銆佹帓鍏ラ€氶噺 immission flux
鍙椾綋鍗曚綅琛ㄩ潰绉笂鐨勬帴鍙楅€熺巼銆侟/p>
47銆佹帓鍏ラ€熺巼 immission rate
鍗曚綅鏃堕棿鍐咃紝姹℃煋鐗╄浆绉诲埌鍙椾綋涓婄殑璐ㄩ噺(鎴栧叾浠栫墿鐞嗛噺)銆侟/p>
48銆佹挒鍑婚泦灏樺櫒 impinger
鍒╃敤鍐插嚮鍜屾粸鐣欏師鐞嗛噰闆嗛绮掔墿鍙婃皵浣撶殑涓€绉嶉噰鏍峰櫒銆侟/p>
49銆佸鍐呯┖姘 indoor air
灏侀棴绌洪棿(渚嬪浣忔墍銆佸叕鍏卞缓绛?鍐呯殑绌烘皵銆侟/p>
50銆佸共鎵扮墿 interferent
褰卞搷娴嬪畾缁撴灉鐨勭┖姘旀牱鍝佷腑鐨勪换浣曟垚鍒嗭紝鍖呮嫭琚祴瀹氱殑缁勫垎銆侟/p>
51銆佺瓑閫熼噰鏍 isokinetic sampling
涓€绉嶉噰闆嗘皵娴佷腑鎮诞棰楃矑鐗╃殑閲囨牱鏂规硶锛屽叾閲囨牱閫熷害涓庨噰鏍风偣鐨勬皵娴侀€熷害鐩稿悓銆侟/p>
52銆侀€掑噺鐜 lapse rate
澶ф皵鍙橀噺(涓嶅姞璇存槑鏃跺垯鎸囨俯搴?闅忛珮搴︾殑鍙樺寲銆傞珮搴﹀鍔犺€屽ぇ姘旀俯搴︿笅闄嶆椂锛岄€掑噺鐜囧彇姝ｅ€笺€傚鏋滃湪姘旇薄鏉′欢涓嬶紝澶ф皵鐜閫掑噺鐜囦笌缁濈儹涓婂崌鐨勪竴鍥㈠共绌烘皵鐨勯€掑噺鐜囩浉鍚?绾?0鈩?km)鍒欑О姝ゆ椂澶ф皵鍏锋湁骞茬粷鐑€掑噺鐜囥€侟/p>
53銆佹祴閲忔湡闂 measurement period
浠庣涓€娆℃祴瀹氬埌鏈€鍚庢祴瀹氱粨鏉熺殑鏃堕棿闂撮殧銆侟/p>
54銆佸井姘旇薄瀛 micrometeorology
姘旇薄瀛︾殑涓€閮ㄥ垎銆傝瀵熷苟瑙ｉ噴澶ф皵涓皬灏哄害鐗╃悊鐜拌薄鍙婂姩鍔涘杩囩▼鐨勪竴闂ㄥ绉戙€傝縿浠婏紝杩欎釜棰嗗煙鐨勭爺绌惰繕灞€闄愪簬澶ф皵杈圭晫灞傦紝鍗充粠鍦扮悆琛ㄩ潰璧疯嚦鏌愪釜楂樺害銆傚湪杩欎釜楂樺害澶勶紝涓嬪灚闈㈠绌烘皵杩愬姩鍜屾垚鍒嗙殑鐩存帴浣滅敤鍙互蹇界暐銆侟/p>
55銆侀湱 mist
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56銆佺洃娴 monitoring
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57銆佹湀鍧囧€ month
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58銆佽嚜鐒惰儗鏅祿搴 natural background concentration
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59銆佹伓鑷墿璐 odorant
鍏锋湁浠や汉涓嶉€傜殑鐗规畩姘斿懗鐨勭墿璐ㄣ€侟/p>
60銆佽嚟鍛 odour
鏌愮鐗╄川鎵€鍏锋湁鐨勫埡婵€鍡呰鍣ㄥ畼鐨勭壒鎬с€侟/p>
61銆佸梾杈ㄥ憳 odour panel
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62銆佸梾瑙夐槇鍊 odour threshold
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63銆佸梾瑙夋劅瑙夐槇鍊 odour detection threshold
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64銆佸梾瑙夎瘑鍒槇鍊 odour recognition threshold
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65銆侀绮掔墿 particle
鍥烘€佹垨娑叉€佺殑灏忕鏁ｄ綋銆侟/p>
66銆佸厜鍖栧鍙嶅簲 photochemical reaction
鏌愪簺鐗╄川鍦ㄥ厜杈愬皠涓嬫墍浜х敓鐨勪竴绉嶅寲瀛﹀弽搴斻€侟/p>
67銆佸厜鍖栧鐑熼浘 photochemical smog
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68銆佺儫缇 plume
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69銆佺儫姘旀姮鍗囬珮搴 plume rise
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70銆佸垵娆℃薄鏌撶墿 primary pollutant
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71銆佹帰澶 probe
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72銆侀洦娲楁晥搴 rain-out
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73銆侀仴鎰 remote sensing
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74銆佷繚鐣欐晥鐜 retention efficiency
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75銆佹灄鏍兼浖绯绘暟 Ringelmann number
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76銆侀噰鏍 sampling
(1) 杩炵画閲囨牱 continuous sampling
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(2) 鐬椂閲囨牱 grab sampling
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77銆侀噰鏍锋椂闂 sampling time
鍗曚釜鏍锋湰閲囬泦鐨勬椂闂撮棿闅斻€侟/p>
78銆佽嚜鍑€ scavenging
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79銆佹箍娉曟礂娑ゅ櫒 scrubber, wet
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80銆佹钉姘 scrubbing
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81銆佷簩娆℃薄鏌撶墿 secondary pollutants
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82銆佹矇闄嶅 settling chamber
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83銆佺儫闆 smog
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84銆佺儫 smoke
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娉細鈶犳鍚嶈瘝鐨勫惈涔変笉鍖呮嫭姘磋捀姘斻€侟/p>
鈶″湪涓€浜涙枃鐚唴锛岀儫鏄牴鎹灄鏍兼浖鏁般€佺儫鐨勬祿娣＄▼搴︺€佹枒鐐圭殑榛戝害鎴栭噰闆嗙殑娌夌Н鐗╃殑閲忚€屽畾閲忕殑銆侟/p>
85銆佺儫闆炬皵
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86銆佺儫鐐 smuts
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87銆佺儫绮 soot
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88銆?澶ф皵)绋冲畾搴 stability (of the atmosphere)
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89銆佹偓娴墿璐 suspended matter
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90銆佺棔閲忛噾灞 trace metal
閫氬父鍦ㄥぇ姘斾腑瀛樺湪鐨勬祿搴﹀緢浣庣殑閲戝睘銆侟/p>
91銆佽縼绉 transmission
鏄寚姹℃煋鐗╀綅缃彉鍖栧拰鍦ㄥぇ姘斾腑鍖栧鍙樺寲鐨勫叡鍚屾晥搴斻€侟/p>
92銆佽捀姘 vapour
鐗╄川浠ヨ兘涓庡浐鐩告垨娑茬浉鐘舵€佸苟瀛樼殑姘旂浉鐘舵€併€侟/p>
93銆佹礂鑴 wash out
闆ㄦ淮闄嶈惤鏃讹紝澶ф皵涓殑姘斾綋锛屾湁鏃跺寘鎷绮掔墿锛岀粡闆ㄦ淮鐨勬憾瑙ｆ垨绮橀檮鑰岃鍘婚櫎銆傝繃鍘昏璇嶆湁鏃跺寘鎷洦娲椼€侟/p>
94銆佽溅闂寸┖姘 workplace air
浜轰滑鍦ㄥ伐浣滃満鎵€宸ヤ綔鏃舵墍澶勭殑瀹ゅ唴鎴栧澶栫┖姘斻€侟/p>
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