4. pH缁煎悎鍘熺悊
鍦ㄤ箣鍓嶇殑绔犺妭涓紝宸茬粡璁ㄨ浜唒H娴嬮噺鐨勫疄闄呭簲鐢ㄦ柟闈€€傛绔犺妭灏嗕富瑕佷粙缁峱H娴嬮噺鐨勭悊璁虹煡璇嗭紝浣胯鑰呭熀鏈悊瑙H娴嬮噺鐨勫師鐞嗐€傞鍏堬紝鎴戜滑浠嬬粛涓€涓媝H鐞嗚鐨勫彂灞曪紝鐒跺悗浜嗚В鐢垫瀬鐨勫師鐞嗭紝鏈€鍚庡啀璁ㄨ鍑犱釜鐗规畩鐨勪富棰樸€侟/span>
4.1 pH鍊肩殑瀹氫箟
鏍规嵁S?renson鐨勫畾涔夛紝pH涓篐3O+绂诲瓙娴撳害鐨勮礋瀵规暟锛欬/span>
pH = 鈥搇og [H3O+]
浠庝互涓婄殑鍏紡鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛孒3O+绂诲瓙娴撳害姣忔敼鍙樺崄鍊嶏紝pH鍊兼敼鍙樹竴涓崟浣嶃€傝繖寰堝ソ闃愭槑浜嗘祴閲忓嚭鏍峰搧pH寰堝皬鍙樺寲鐨勯噸瑕佹€с€侟/span>
閫氬父锛宲H鐞嗚鎻忚堪涓篐+鐨勬祿搴︼紝浣嗘纭殑搴旀弿杩颁负姘村悎姘㈢瀛忺span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">H3O+(鎴栨牴鎹甀UPAC绉颁负oxonium)
H++ H2O ? H3O+
涓嶄絾閰稿拰纰辫兘瑙ｇ涓烘按鍚堟阿绂诲瓙鎴栨阿姘ф牴绂诲瓙锛岃€屼笖绾按涔熻兘瑙Ⅻspan style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">绂讳负姘村悎姘㈢瀛愭垨姘㈡哀鏍圭瀛忺/span>
2 H2O ? H3O++ OH鈥掽/sup>
姝よ繃绋嬬殑瑙ｇ甯告暟绉颁负Kw锛屼篃绉颁负姘寸殑鑷敱绂绘垨鑷垎瑙ｏ細
浠嶬w鏂圭▼鍙互鐭ラ亾褰揌3O+鍜孫H-鎬绘暟鐩稿悓鐨勬椂鍊欙紝婧舵恫鍛堜腑鎬с€傚嵆[H3O+]鍜孾OH-]閮戒负10-7mol/L鏃讹紝pH鍊间负7銆傚綋H3O+娴撳害鏇撮珮鏃讹紝pH鍊煎憟閰告€ц寖鍥达紝濡侟span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 28px;">H3O+娴撳害涓?0-3mol/L鏃?[OH-] = 10-11mol/L)pH鍊间负3銆侟/span>
涓轰簡鑳芥祴閲忔牱鍝佺殑pH鍊硷紝鎴戜滑闇€鐭ラ亾pH鐢垫瀬濡備綍瀵归吀鎬ф憾娑茶捣浣淈span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鐢ㄣ€傛垜浠皢鍦ㄤ笅涓€绔犺妭浠嬬粛銆侟/span>
4.2 娴撳害鍜屾椿搴︾殑鍏宠仈
鎴戜滑宸茬粡璁ㄨ浜唒H鍊肩殑鏁板€煎喅瀹氫簬婧舵恫涓吀纰辩殑娴撳害銆備簨瀹炰笂pH娴嬮噺鐨勪负婧舵恫涓按鍚堟阿绂诲瓙鐨勬椿搴︺€傛祿搴︿粎浠呭湪涓€浜涘寲瀛﹀弽搴斾腑锛屼綔涓烘憾娑叉椿搴︾殑绠€绉般€侟/span>
鍦ㄨ澶氭儏鍐典笅娴撳害闈炲父鐨勬帴杩戞椿搴︺€侟/span>
姘㈢瀛愮殑娲诲害(伪H+)鐢辨阿绂诲瓙鐨勬祿搴﹀拰娲诲害绯绘暟鍐冲畾(纬H+)銆傛鏃剁殑娴掽span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">搴﹀崟浣嶄负璐ㄩ噺鎽╁皵娴撳害(b = mol/kg婧跺墏)锛岃€屼笉鏄綋绉懇灏旀祿搴?c = mol/L婧舵恫)锛屽洜涓鸿川閲忔懇灏旀祿搴︽槸涓€涓洿鏄庣‘鐨勫畾涔夈€侟/span>
伪H+= 纬H+路 bH+
鍦ㄧ█婧舵恫涓紝伪H+鈮坆H+娲诲害绯绘暟涓嶆槸涓€涓€氱敤鐨勭郴鏁帮紝鍙楀埌澶氱鍥燑span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">绱犵殑褰卞搷锛屾瘮濡傛俯搴?T)锛屾€荤瀛愬己搴?I)锛屽鐢靛父鏁帮紝绂诲瓙鐢佃嵎(Z)锛岀瀛愮殑澶у皬(鍩?鍜屼粙璐ㄧ殑瀵嗗害(d)銆侟/span>
鏈変袱鐐瑰彲浠ユ樉钁楃殑褰卞搷绂诲瓙娲诲害鍜岀瀛愭祿搴︾殑鍖哄埆銆傛墍璋撶殑鐩愬害鏁堝簲鍜屼粙璐ㄦ晥搴斻€侟/span>
婧舵恫涓洂鐨勫奖鍝嶇О涓虹洂搴︽晥搴旓紝鐢ㄎ颤sup>xH+琛ㄧず銆侟/span>
鍏紡涓猴細
鍏紡涓殑I鎸囨€荤瀛愬己搴??2危ciz2i
濡傛灉鍋囪pH娴嬮噺鏃讹紝闃寸瀛愬拰姘㈢瀛愰兘鏄崟浠风殑锛寊i绛変簬1锛屽垯鎬荤瀛愬己搴︾敱璐ㄩ噺鎽╁皵娴撳害鍐冲畾銆傜洂搴︽晥搴斿绂诲瓙娲诲害绯绘暟鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝宸插垪鍦ㄤ笅琛ㄤ腑(鐩愬害鏁堝簲涓庢椿搴︾殑鍏崇郴)銆侟/span>
| 璐ㄩ噺鎽╁皵娴撳害 |
0.001 |
0.005 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
0.1 |
| 娲诲害绯绘暟 |
0.967294 |
0.935044 |
0.915247 |
0.857205 |
0.829586 |
褰撴瘮杈冩祴閲忓惈鐩愪笌涓嶅惈鐩愮殑0.01 mol/L HCl鏃讹紝鍙緱鍒颁互涓嬬殑瀵圭収锛欬br/>
| 0.01 mol/L HCl婧舵恫: |
0.01 mol/L HCl 婧舵恫鍚?/span>0.09 mol/L KCl: |
pH = 鈥搇og (bH+路 纬xH+) = 鈥搇og(0.01脳0.915) = 鈥搇og(9.15脳10-3) = 2.04 |
pH = 鈥搇og (bH+路 纬xH+) = 鈥搇og(0.01脳0.829) = 鈥搇og(0.829脳10-3) = 2.08 |
浠庝互涓婄殑渚嬪瓙鍙互鐪嬪嚭绂诲瓙娴撳害楂樼殑婧舵恫pH鍊煎鍔犱簡0.04(姘㈢瀛愮殑娲诲害闄嶄綆浜?銆傝繖鍙互瑙ｉ噴涓轰粈涔堝悓鏍烽吀鍚噺鑰岀瀛愭祿搴︿笉鍚岀殑婧舵恫浼氭湁涓嶅悓鐨刾H鍊笺€侟/span>
绗簩涓奖鍝嶆椿搴︿笌娴撳害鍏崇郴鐨勬槸浠嬭川鏁堝簲銆備粙璐ㄦ晥搴斿畾涔変负锛欬/span>
纬mH+
杩欎釜褰卞搷浠嬭川(婧跺墏)鐨勬晥搴斾細褰卞搷H+娲诲害銆傛鏁堝簲涓殑闈欑數鍜屽寲瀛?span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鐩镐簰浣滅敤璧峰埌寰堝ぇ鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€備緥濡傦紝姘翠腑鐨勬阿绂诲瓙娲诲害鏄箼閱囨憾娑蹭腑姘㈢瀛愭椿搴︾殑200鍊嶃€侟/span>
褰撳悓鏃惰€冭檻鍒扮洂搴︽晥搴斿拰浠嬭川鏁堝簲锛屾祿搴︿笌娲诲害鐨勫叧绯讳负锛欬/span>
伪H+= 纬xH+ 路 纬mH+ 路 bH+
浠庤繖涓緥瀛愪腑鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛屼簡瑙ｆ祴閲忔牱鍝佺殑璇︾粏鎬ц川闈炲父閲嶈銆傚彧鏈夊湪鍏蜂綋鐨勬祴閲忕幆澧冧笅锛屾墠鑳藉緱鍒拌壇濂界殑閲嶅鎬с€侟/span>
4.3 缂撳啿婧舵恫
缂撳啿婧舵恫鏄痯H绮剧‘娴嬮噺鐨勯噸瑕佹瀯鎴愩€傛爣鍑嗙紦鍐叉恫鑳芥牎鍑嗙數鏋佸拰妫€娴嬬數鏋佺殑鎬ц兘銆傚氨濡傚畠鐨勫悕瀛楋紝缂撳啿娑叉渶閲嶈鐨勭壒鎬ф槸瀹冪殑缂撳啿鑳藉姏銆傝繖涓壒鎬т繚璇佷簡鍗充娇澶栭儴鐗╄川杩涘叆pH缂撳啿娑诧紝缂撳啿娑蹭篃鑳界淮鎸佹亽瀹氱殑pH鍊笺€侟/span>
缂撳啿娑茬殑缂撳啿鑳藉姏鐢卞急閰搁儴鍒嗚В绂荤殑鑳藉姏鎵€鍐冲畾锛屼骇鐢熶互涓嬪钩琛狘span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鍙嶅簲锛欬/span>
HA ? H++ A-
鍦ㄦ骞宠 涓紝闃寸瀛怉-鍥犱负鑳芥帴鍙楃郴缁熶腑鐨勮川瀛愶紝浣滀负纰辨€х墿璐ㄣ€侟span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鑰屾湭瑙ｇ鐨勫急閰窰A锛屽垯鍙负绯荤粺鎻愪緵璐ㄥ瓙銆侟/span>
骞宠 寮忎腑鐨勭紦鍐叉恫鎷ユ湁瓒抽噺鐨勯槾绂诲瓙(A-)锛屽彲浠ユ帴鍙楀ぇ閲忕殑鍔犲叆绯狐span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">缁熶腑鐨勮川瀛愶紝鍚屾椂涔熸嫢鏈夎冻閲忕殑鏈В绂荤殑閰革紝鍙互琛ュ厖绯荤粺涓け鍘荤殑璐ㄥ瓙銆傜敱浜庢湭瑙ｇ鐨勯吀HA鍙互瑙嗕负H+鐨勬彁渚涜€咃紝瑙ｇ鐨凙-浣滀负H+鐨勬帴鍙楄€咃紝鎵€浠ュ綋HA鍜孉-娴撳害鐩稿悓鏃讹紝缂撳啿娑叉嫢鏈夋渶澶х殑缂撳啿鑳藉姏銆侟/span>
濡傛灉浠旂粏鎺㈢┒缂撳啿娑茬殑鍘熺悊锛屽氨鑳藉彂鐜颁粈涔堢壒鎬х殑婧舵恫鎵嶈兘浣滀负缂撳啿娑层€傝繖浜涚壒鎬у寘鎷紦鍐茶兘鍔涳紝娓╁害褰卞搷锛屽拰绋€閲婄紦鍐叉恫鍚巔H鍙樺寲鐨勫ぇ灏忋€傝繖浜涚壒鎬у湪璁稿缂撳啿娑茬摱涓婇兘鏈変功闈㈡敞鏄庛€侟/span>
浠庝互涓婂叕寮忓彲浠ュ緱鍑鸿В绂荤殑閰稿钩琛″父鏁帮細
涔熷彲鍐欎负
涓よ竟鍙栧鏁?/span>
鐢变簬log(1/[H+])= 鈥搇og[H+]= pH, log(1/Ka)= 鈥搇og Ka= pKa,
鍙互寰楀埌
杩欎釜鏂圭▼绉颁负HENDERSON-HASSELBALCH鏂圭▼銆備粠鏈€鍚庣殑鏂圭▼鎴戜滑鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛屽鏋滅紦鍐叉恫缂撳啿鑳藉姏寮猴紝鍗砙A-] = [HA]锛屽垯pH鍊间笌瑙ｇ甯告暟鐨勮礋瀵规暟涓€鑷达紝
pH = pKa
杩欎釜鏂圭▼闈炲父鐨勬湁鐢紝鍙互鐢ㄥ凡鐭Ka鐨勫急閰革紝鍒朵綔缂撳啿婧舵恫銆侟/span>
缂撳啿鑳藉姏(?)
缂撳啿鑳藉姏鐨勫畾涔変负鍦ㄧ紦鍐叉恫涓姞鍏ュ己閰告垨寮虹⒈鍚庯紝缂撳啿娑蹭繚鎸佸叾鍘熸湁pH鐨勮兘鍔涖€傚鍓嶉潰鎵€杩帮紝鏈€浣崇殑缂撳啿鑳藉姏涓簆H = pKa鏃讹紝浣嗛€氬父寮遍吀鎴栧急纰辩殑缂撳啿鑳藉姏闄愪簬pH = pKa卤1銆傚浣曞垽鍒急閰哥殑缂撳啿鑳藉姏锛屼妇涓緥瀛愬彲浠ヨ瀵烵H鈥撴淮瀹氫箼閰哥殑鏇茬嚎(鍥?2)銆備箼閰哥殑pKa涓?.8锛屾墍浠ユ憾娑茬殑鍒濆pH鍊煎緢浣庛€傚綋鍔犲叆鏇村鐨凮H-鏃讹紝pH鍊煎鍔犮€傚紑濮嬫椂锛屾瘡婊存阿姘у寲鐗╂憾娑茬殑鍔犲叆锛屼細寮曡捣寰堝ぇ鐨勬敼鍙橈紝浣嗗綋鏈В绂荤殑閰稿拰瑙ｇ鐨勯吀娴撳害鐩稿悓鏃讹紝鏇茬嚎鍙樺緱骞冲潶銆傜敱浜 [A-] =[HA]锛宲H = pKa, 鎴戜滑鏈熸湜鏇茬嚎鍦╬H 4.8鏃跺彉寰楀钩鍧︼紝杩欎釜pH鍊煎氨鏄墍绉扮殑缂撳啿鑳藉姏銆侟/span>
鍥?2. 涔欓吀鐨勭紦鍐茶兘鍔汓/span>
褰撻厤缃拰浣跨敤缂撳啿婧舵恫鏃讹紝闇€瑕佹敞鎰忓閮ㄥ洜绱犲閰哥⒈骞宠 鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝姣斿绌烘皵涓殑CO2銆侟/span>
绋€閲婂€?螖pH)
缂撳啿娑茬殑绋€閲婂€煎彲浠ヨ〃鏄庡綋缂撳啿娑茬敤绛夐噺鐨勮捀棣忔按绋€閲婂悗锛屾墍鏀更span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鍙樼殑pH鍊肩殑澶氬皯銆侟/span>
绋€閲婂悗锛屾鐨勭█閲婂€艰〃鏄巔H鍊间細澧炲姞锛岃礋鐨勭█閲婂€艰〃鏄巔H鍊间細鍑廃span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">灏戙€侟/span>
娓╁害褰卞搷(螖pH/螖T)
pH鍊兼簮鑷憾娑蹭腑H+鐨勬椿搴︺€傜敱浜庣瀛愭椿搴﹀彈娓╁害鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝娓╁害浼欬span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">褰卞搷pH鍊笺€傛俯搴﹁ˉ鍋跨郴鏁拌〃绀轰簡姣忔敼鍙?鈩冿紝鐩稿簲pH鏀瑰彉鐨勬暟鍊?螖pH/螖T)銆侟/span>
1.3绔犺妭涓寚鍑猴紝pH鐨勬祴閲忓叾瀹炴槸娴嬮噺鐢典綅銆傞€氳繃鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬鐨勭ǔ瀹欬span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鐢典綅娴嬮噺pH鐢垫瀬鐨勭數浣嶅彉鍖栥€傛祴閲忕殑璁惧宸插湪鍥?鍒楀嚭銆侟/span>
娴嬮噺璁惧鐨勪娇鐢ㄥ師鐞嗘槸杩炴帴涓ゆ牴鐢垫瀬涓殑閲戝睘瀵肩嚎锛屼笌涓€绉嶆垨澶欬span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">绉嶇數瑙ｆ恫鏋勬垚鍘熺數姹犮€傚湪杩欎釜鍘熺數姹犱腑(pH鍜屽弬姣旂數鏋侀棿)锛岃繛鎺ョ潃甯︽湁楂橀樆杈撳叆鐨勪华琛紝娴嬮噺鐢典綅宸瓻銆侟/span>
杩欎釜鐢垫睜鐨勭數浣嶅樊E锛岀敱鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋嬪喅瀹氾細
涔嬪墠鍥?宸插嚭鐜拌繃銆侟/span>
涓轰簡鍙互鍦ㄤ笉鍚岀殑鐢垫瀬鍜屼笉鍚岀殑鍙傛瘮绯荤粺涓瘮杈冨師鐢垫睜鐢典綅锛孅span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">浣跨敤鏍囧噯姘㈢數鏋?SHE)鎴栧父瑙勬阿鐢垫瀬(NHE)锛屼綔涓哄父瑙佺殑鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬銆係HE鐨勭數浣嶅湪浠讳綍娓╁害涓嬮兘涓?mV銆係HE鐢遍晙鏈夐搨閲戠殑閾傜墖鏋勬垚锛岄搨鐗囨蹈鍏ュ湪鍏呮弧浜?bar姘㈡皵鐨勎包sub>H+= 1.0鐨勬憾娑蹭腑銆侟/span>
鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋嬩腑鐨凟0鎸囄包sub>H+=1鏃剁殑鏍囧噯鐢典綅銆?.3RT/nF (EN)鏄數鏋佺殑鏂滅巼锛岃〃绀轰簡H+娲诲害姣忔敼鍙樺崄鍊嶆垨鏀瑰彉浜嗕竴涓猵H锛屾祴閲忕數浣嶇殑鏀瑰彉銆侲N鍊间緷璧栦簬寮€姘忔俯搴锛屽苟鎴愪负褰卞搷鏂滅巼鐨勫洜绱犮€備笉鍚屾俯搴︽椂鐨勬枩鐜囪涓嬪浘23
| 娓╁害 |
EN鍊?mV) |
| 0鈩傸/span> | EN = 54.2 mV |
| 25鈩傸/span> | EN = 59.2 mV |
| 50鈩傸/span> | EN = 64.1 mV |
鍥 23. 娓╁害瀵圭數鏋佹枩鐜囩殑褰卞搷.
褰撲粩缁嗗垎鏋愯兘鏂壒鏂圭▼鐨勭數浣岴鏃讹紝鍙互寰楀嚭鍘熺數姹犵數浣嶇敱澶氱鐢袋span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">浣嶇粍鎴愶紝瑙佸浘24銆侟/span>
鍥?4.澶嶅悎鐢垫瀬涓嶅悓鐨勭數浣嶇粍鎴忺/span>
pH鐢垫瀬
鐢垫睜鐢典綅浜х敓浜庢牱鍝佹憾娑蹭笌鐢垫瀬鐜荤拑鑶滅殑鎺ヨЕ澶勶紝姝ゅ鐨勭數浣岴1鍙€氳繃涓庢牱鍝佹憾娑瞤H鐨勫叧绯伙紝璁＄畻寰楀嚭銆備负浜嗗彲浠ユ祴閲廍1鍜屾寚瀹氫笌鍏剁浉鍏崇殑pH锛屾墍鏈夊叾瀹冪殑鍗曠嫭鐢典綅E2鈥揈6蹇呴』鎭掑畾锛屽敮涓€鍙彉鐨勭數淇″彿鐢眕H鐢垫瀬鐜荤拑鑶滃唴鐨勭數瑙ｆ恫涓庢牱鍝佹憾娑茬數浣嶄笉鍚屾墍浜х敓銆傜數浣岴6鏄弬姣旂數鏋佺數瑙ｆ恫涓庢牱鍝佹憾娑蹭骇鐢熺殑鐢典綅锛屽簲涓烘亽瀹氱殑鐢典綅锛屽洜涓哄弬姣旂數鏋佸鏍峰搧鐨刾H涓嶆晱鎰熴€侟/span>
鍏跺畠鐨凟2锛孍3锛孍4鍜孍5涓轰紶杈撻摼鏉′粠鏍峰搧閫氳繃pH鐢垫瀬浼犺緭鑷充华琛紝鐒跺悗鍐嶄粠浠〃閫氳繃鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬浼犲洖鏍峰搧婧舵恫鐨勮繛缁楠ゃ€傛墍鏈夎繖浜涘崟鐙殑姝ラ鍙傝鍥?4銆侟/span>
E1閫氳繃澶栫幓鐠冭啘涓婄殑鍑濊兌灞備紶杈撹嚦pH鐜荤拑鑶?濡傚浘8)锛屽悓鏍烽€氳繃pH鐢垫瀬鍐呴儴鐨勫嚌鑳跺眰鍜屽唴缂撳啿娑层€傜幓鐠冭啘澶栭儴涓庡唴閮ㄦ湁涓嶅悓鐨勭數浣岴2锛岃鍥?4銆傜墿鐞嗕笂璁诧紝鐢典綅鐨勮浆绉诲湪娴嬮噺婧舵恫涓庡鍑濊兌灞傚彂鐢燂紝閫氳繃杈惧埌姘㈢瀛愮殑骞宠 杩涜銆傚鏋滀袱鐩哥殑姘㈢瀛愭椿搴︿笉鍚岋紝灏变細浜х敓姘㈢瀛愯浆绉汇€傝繖浼氬鑷寸浉闂翠骇鐢熺數鑽凤紝鐢佃嵎鑳介槻姝㈡洿澶欻+鐨勮浆绉汇€傝繖涓數浣嶅弽鏄犱簡鏍峰搧婧舵恫涓庡嚌鑳跺眰闂翠笉鍚屾椿搴︾殑姘㈢瀛愩€傚嚌鑳跺眰鐨勬阿绂诲瓙鏁伴噺鐢辩幓鐠冭啘鐨勭閰哥洂楠ㄦ灦鍐冲畾锛屽彲浠ヨ涓哄惈閲忔亽瀹氫笉渚濊禆浜庢祴閲忕殑婧舵恫銆侟/span>
鐜荤拑鑶滃鍑濊兌灞傜殑鐢典綅閫氳繃鐜荤拑涓殑Li+绂诲瓙浼犺緭鑷崇幓鐠冭啘鍐呴儴锛孅span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">杩欓噷闅忎箣浜х敓鍙︿竴鐩哥晫鐨勭數浣嶃€?鍥?4涓殑E3)銆侟/span>
鐒跺悗鐢典綅E3閫氳繃pH鐢垫瀬鐨勫唴缂撳啿婧舵恫浼犺緭鑷硃H鐢垫瀬(E4)鐨勫绾匡紝骞朵粠閭ｉ噷浼犺緭鑷充华琛ㄣ€侟/span>
鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬
褰損H鐢垫瀬鐢典綅(E1鈥揈4)淇″彿鍒拌揪浠〃锛屽氨闇€瑕佹湁涓€涓华琛ㄥ彲鐢ㄧ殑鍙傛瘮淇″彿锛屼笌娴嬮噺淇″彿姣旇緝娴嬮噺銆傝繖鏄敱鐢垫瀬鐨勫弬姣旈儴鍒嗘墍瀹屾垚鐨勶紝鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬鐨勭數浣?E5鈥揈6)鎻愪緵浜嗙ǔ瀹氱殑锛屼笉鍙楁牱鍝佸奖鍝嶇殑鐢典綅銆侟/span>
浠〃閫氳繃涓€鏍瑰弬姣斿绾夸笌鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬杩炴帴锛屽弬姣斿绾夸笌鍙傛瘮娑插舰鎴忺span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鐣岄潰(鐢典綅E5)銆侟/span>
涓嶅悓鐨勫弬姣斿绾夸腑锛岄摱/姘寲閾跺绾挎槸鏈€閲嶈鐨勪竴涓€備笌鐢樻睘鐢垫瀬鐩告瘮锛岄摱/姘寲閾剁數鏋佹湁寰堝閲嶈鐨勪紭鍔匡紝鏈€涓昏鐨勬槸鐜鐨勫師鍥狅紝淇冧娇鐢樻睘鐢垫瀬宸插畬鍏ㄧ殑閫€鍑轰簡甯傚満銆侟/span>
涓嬩竴姝ユ槸鐢典綅E6锛屾槸鐢卞弬姣旂數鏋佸唴閮ㄧ殑鍙傛瘮娑插拰鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬鐨勫閮ㄧ殑鏍峰搧鎵€褰㈡垚銆備綔涓轰竴涓弬姣斾俊鍙凤紝杩欎釜鐢典綅鐨勭ǔ瀹氭€ч潪甯搁噸瑕併€傝嚜鐒讹紝娑茬粶閮ㄤ綔涓虹壒娈婄殑鎺ヨЕ閮ㄤ綅锛岄潪甯搁噸瑕併€傜瀛愰€氳繃娑茬粶閮ㄦ墿鏁ｈ嚦鏍峰搧涓€侟/span>
娑茬粶閮ㄧ殑鍏抽敭鐗规€ф槸绂诲瓙閫氳繃娑茬粶閮ㄦ墿鏁ｄ細浜х敓鎵╂暎鐢典綅(E6/Ediff)銆侟span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鎵╂暎鐢典綅涓嶄粎鍙楀埌娑茬粶閮ㄧ殑绫诲瀷鍜屽叾鐗规€х殑褰卞搷锛屽悓鏃朵篃鍙楀埌鎵╂暎绂诲瓙鐨勫奖鍝嶃€侟/span>
鐢变簬Ediff鏄祴閲忎腑鐢典綅鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛屼弗鏍肩殑璇达紝涓嶅悓鏍峰搧鐨刾H鍊奸渶涓庝竴涓湪浠讳綍婧舵恫涓兘涓€鑷寸殑鎵╂暎鐢典綅姣旇緝銆傚疄闄呬笂杩欐槸涓嶅彲鑳界殑銆傛墍浠ヤ负浜嗗敖閲忓噺灏忔祴閲忛敊璇紝闇€瑕佹帶鍒 Ediff寰堝皬骞朵笖鎭掑畾銆侟/span>
绂诲瓙鐨勮縼绉婚€熷害鐢辩瀛愮殑鐢佃嵎涓庡ぇ灏忓喅瀹氥€侟/span>
绂诲瓙鐨勫ぇ灏忎笉鏄寚鍑€灏哄锛岃€屾槸鍖呮嫭姘村悎灞傜殑灏哄銆傛按婧舵恫涓墍鏈夌殑绂诲瓙閮借鏋佸寲鐨勬按鍒嗗瓙鎵€鍖呭洿銆傝繖鎰忓懗鐫€涓€涓緢灏忎絾楂樺害姘村悎鐨凩i绂诲瓙杩佺Щ閫熷害姣旇緝澶т絾寰噺姘村悎鐨凨绂诲瓙鐨勮縼绉婚€熷害鎱€€傜敱浜嶩+鍜孫H-绂诲瓙鐨勮縼绉讳緷鎹畬鍏ㄤ笉鍚岀殑鏈虹悊锛屽畠浠瘮鍏跺畠浠讳綍鐨勭瀛愮Щ鍔ㄩ€熷害閮藉揩銆備笉鍚岀瀛愮殑杩佺Щ閫熷害鍙鍥?5銆侟/span>
| 绂诲瓙杩佺Щ鐜?10-4cm2/ s路V)锛?5鈩冩椂 |
|||
| H+ |
36.25 |
OH- |
20.64 |
| Li+ |
4.01 |
F- |
5.74 |
| Na+ |
5.19 |
Cl- |
7.91 |
| K+ |
7.62 |
NO3- |
7.41 |
| NH4+ |
7.62 |
CH3COO- |
4.24 |
鍥?5.绂诲瓙閫氳繃娑茬粶閮ㄨ縼绉汇€佹墿鏁Ⅻbr/>
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鐢佃嵎鍒嗙浼氫骇鐢熸墿鏁ｇ數浣嶏紝鎵╂暎鐢典綅鑳芥姷娑堝垵濮嬬殑杩佺Щ銆傝繖鏍风殑浜ゆ浛浼氬鑷翠竴涓姩鎬佺殑骞宠 锛岄渶瑕佸緢闀跨殑鏃堕棿鎵嶈兘绋冲畾銆傝繖鎰忓懗鐫€涓嶅悓鐨勭瀛愭墿鏁ｉ€熷害浼氶€犳垚鐢垫瀬鍝嶅簲鏃堕棿缂撴參銆傛墍浠ヤ繚鎸佹恫缁滈儴鐨勭數瑙ｆ恫鐨勯珮娓楅€忔€ч潪甯搁噸瑕侊紝鍙互灏介噺鍑忕煭鍝嶅簲鏃堕棿銆侟/span>
褰撻槾绂诲瓙涓庨槼绂诲瓙鐨勮縼绉婚€熷害宸埆寰堝ぇ鏃讹紝鐢佃嵎鍒嗙鍜屾墿鏁ｇ數浣岦span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">灏变細涓婂崌銆傝繖涓幇璞″湪寮洪吀鍜屽己纰辨憾娑蹭腑鐗瑰埆鏄庢樉锛宲H娴嬮噺鏃剁粡甯搁亣鍒版绫绘牱鍝併€傚彟涓€涓喅瀹欵diff鐨勫洜绱犳槸婧舵恫鏄惁闈炲父鐨勭█銆傚吀鍨嬬殑渚嬪瓙鏄祴閲忕瀛愮己涔忓瀷鐨勬牱鍝佸绾按銆侟/span>
鐢变簬娑茬粶閮ㄥ鐨勭瀛愮己涔忓瀷鏍峰搧澧炲己浜嗙數鑽风殑钀藉樊锛屾墿鏁ｇ數浣嶄細鍔犲己銆侟/span>
涓轰簡灏介噺鍑忓皯鎵╂暎鐢典綅锛屽繀椤讳繚璇佷娇鐢ㄩ珮娴撳害骞剁瓑杩佺Щ(闃撮槼绂诲瓙杩佺Щ閫熷害涓€鑷?鐨勫弬姣旀恫銆傝繖灏辨槸涓轰粈涔堥€氬父浣跨敤KCI鍜孠NO3浣滀负鍙傛瘮娑诧紝璇疯鍥?5銆侟/span>
灏界鏈変簡杩欎簺棰勯槻鎺柦锛屼娇鐢ㄤ簡鐞嗘兂鐨勫弬姣旂數鏋侊紝浣嗗湪娴嬮噺鏋侀檺pH鏃讹紝鎵╂暎鐢典綅浠嶇劧涓嶈兘蹇借銆侟/span>
涓嬮潰鐨勪緥瀛愯瘉鏄庝簡杩欎釜鐜拌薄(25鈩傸/span>)锛欬/span>
| 鍐呯數瑙ｆ恫 |
鏍峰搧婧舵恫 |
鎵╂暎鐢典綅 |
螖pH |
| KCl (楗卞拰) |
HCl (1 mol/L) |
Ediff= + 14.1 mV |
0.238 pH鍗曚綅 |
| KCl (楗卞拰) | NaOH (1 mol/L) |
Ediff= - 8.6 mV |
0.145 pH鍗曚綅 |
鎵╂暎鐢典綅鐨勬弿杩帮紝鏇村ソ瑙ｉ噴浜嗘祴閲忎竴浜涙牱鍝佺殑pH闈炲父鐨勫洶闅俱€傛祴閲忕█婧舵恫鎴栫瀛愮己闄峰瀷婧舵恫濡傞潪姘存憾娑诧紝闇€瑕佺壒鍒殑娉ㄦ剰銆傝繖绉嶆儏鍐典腑鐨勬墿鏁ｇ數浣嶄細闈炲父楂橈紝浼氬鑷翠笉绋冲畾鐨勫弬姣斾俊鍙枫€傚洜涓轰細鎶戝埗鐢佃В娑茬殑椤哄埄娓楀嚭锛屾薄鏌撶殑娑茬粶閮ㄤ篃浼氭湁杩欑鐜拌薄銆侟/span>
4.5 pH娴嬮噺鐨勬牎鍑?璋冭妭璁剧疆
浠〃涓湁涓ょ涓庤繛鍦ㄤ华琛ㄤ笂鐨勫叿浣撶數鏋佺浉鍏宠仈锛屽苟涓斿湪璋冭妭pH鐢垫瀬鍜屼华琛ㄨ缃椂浼氬彈鍒板奖鍝嶇殑璁剧疆锛屽垎鍒О涓虹數鏋佺殑闆剁偣婕傜Щ(mV)鍜屾枩鐜?mV/pH)銆傜敱浜庢湁涓ゆ柟闈㈤渶瑕佹牎鍑嗭紝鎵€浠ュ簲鎵ц鏈€灏戜袱鐐规牎鍑嗐€侟/span>
鏍″噯闆剁偣鍜屾枩鐜囧彲浠ヨˉ鍋垮疄闄呭€间笌鐞嗚鍊肩殑鍋忕Щ銆傚亸绉绘槸鐢遍潪鐞咟span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鎯崇姸鍐电殑鐢垫瀬浜х敓鐨勩€傚ぇ澶氭暟鐜荤拑pH鐢垫瀬锛宲H7.00鐨勭紦鍐叉恫鐩稿簲浜庨浂鐢典綅锛屽苟琚敤浜庨浂鐐规牎鍑嗐€傚ぇ澶氭暟鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鑰冭檻鍒板緟娴嬫牱鍝佺殑pH鑼冨洿锛屽彲鎺ㄨ崘pH4.01鎴杙H9.21(鎴?0.00)鐨勭紦鍐叉恫鐢ㄤ簬鏂滅巼鏍″噯銆侟/span>
涓嬮潰鐨勫浘涓紝鍥捐В浜嗚繖涓ゆ柟闈㈢殑鏍″噯銆傚乏鍥句负闆剁偣鏍″噯锛岃〃绀轰簡涓庣悊璁?mV(pH7.00鏃?鐨勫亸绉汇€傚彸鍥句负鏂滅巼鐨勬牎鍑嗭紝琛ㄧず浜嗕笌鐞嗚59.16 mV/pH(25鈩傸/span>)鐨勫亸绉汇€侟/span>
鍥?6. 宸︼細pH鐢垫瀬闆剁偣鏍″噯锛屽彸锛歱H鐢垫瀬鏂滅巼鏍″噯銆傚疄绾夸负鐞嗘兂鐨勭姸鍐碉紝铏氱嚎涓哄疄闄匋span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鐨勭姸鍐点€侟/span>
4.6 娓╁害瀵筽H娴嬮噺鐨勫奖鍝岦/strong>
娓╁害瀵圭數鏋佸拰鏍峰搧閮戒細浜х敓褰卞搷銆傛湰鑺傚皢灏辨褰卞搷浣滆缁嗙殑鍒嗘瀽銆侟/span>
娓╁害瀵圭數鏋佺殑褰卞搷
娓╁害瀵圭數鏋佺殑褰卞搷鏈変互涓嬪嚑涓柟闈細
鏂滅巼
Nernst 鏂圭▼缁欏嚭浜嗗浜巔H鐢垫瀬娴嬮噺鐢典綅涓庢牱鍝乸H鍊肩殑鍏崇郴锛屽彲浠ョ湅鍑鸿繖涓枩鐜囧寘鍚簡寮€姘忔俯搴︼細
褰撳甫鍏ラ櫎浜嗗紑姘忔俯搴?T)澶栫殑鎵€鏈夋暟瀛楋紝鍙互寰楀埌锛欬/span>
E = E0鈥?.198 路 T 路 pH
浠庤繖涓柟绋嬩腑锛屽彲浠ユ竻妤氬湴鐪嬪嚭鐢垫瀬鐨勬枩鐜囦笌娓╁害鍛堢嚎鎬у叧绯汇€侟span style="text-indent: 2em; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun;">鐢变簬姝ょ嚎鎬у叧绯诲彲浠ラ娴嬶紝鎵€浠ュ彲浠ラ€氳繃pH浠〃鍜屽甫鏈夋俯搴︽帰澶寸殑鐢垫瀬杩涜琛ュ伩銆侟/span>
绛夋俯鐐更/span>
姣忎竴鏀數鏋侀兘鏈夊叾鑷韩鐨勭瓑娓╃偣锛岀瓑娓╃偣鐢辩數浣岴1鑷矱6鎵€鍐冲畾銆侟span style="text-indent: 2em; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun;">鐞嗘兂鐢垫瀬锛屼笉鍚屾俯搴︾殑鏍″噯绾块兘搴斿湪闆剁偣浜ゅ弶(pH 7.00/0 mV)锛岃€屼笖鏂滅巼搴斾笌缁濆娓╁害鍛堜竴瀹氱殑姣斾緥銆侟/span>
鐢变簬pH鐢垫瀬鐨勬€荤數浣嶇敱E1-E6鐨勬€诲悎缁勬垚锛屽叾涓瘡涓€涓數浣嶅娓╁害鏈夊叾鍚勮嚜鐨勫叧绯伙紝鎵€浠ョ瓑娓╃偣閫氬父涓嶄細涓庣數鏋佺殑闆剁偣涓€鑷淬€侟/span>
鐢垫瀬鐨勭瓑娓╃偣搴斿敖閲忎笌闆剁偣鎺ヨ繎锛屽洜涓虹瓑娓╃偣瓒婃槸鎺ヨ繎pH7锛屾俯搴?span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">琛ュ伩鐨勮宸氨瓒婂皬銆侟/span>
鏍″噯娓╁害涓庢牱鍝佹俯搴﹀樊鍒秺澶э紝娴嬮噺璇樊灏辫秺澶э紝璇樊鏈€澶х害鏈堻span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">0.1pH銆備负浜嗗緱鍒版渶绮剧‘鐨刾H娴嬮噺鍊硷紝搴斾繚鎸佹牎鍑嗕笌鏍峰搧婧舵恫娓╁害鐩稿悓銆侟/span>
娴嬮噺璇樊璇疯鍥?7.
鍥?7. 鐞嗚涓庡疄闄呯殑绛夋俯鐐更br/>
濡傛灉瀹為檯绛夋俯鐐逛笌鐞嗚鐨勪笉涓€鑷达紝鑻ユ牱鍝佷笌鏍峰搧闂存垨鏍峰搧涓庢牎鍑咟span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">闂寸殑娓╁害鐩稿樊杩囧ぇ锛屼細閫犳垚杈冨ぇ鐨勬祴閲忚宸€侟/span>
姝ゅ锛屽鏋滃疄闄呯瓑娓╃偣杩滆繙鍋忕鐞嗚绛夋俯鐐癸紝骞朵笖娴嬮噺鏍″噯鍦ㄤ笉鍚岀殑娓╁害涓嬶紝璇樊浼氶潪甯哥殑涓ラ噸銆侟/span>
鏇村鐨勬俯搴︾幇璞狘/strong>
濡傛灉娴嬮噺杩囩▼涓湁娓╁害鍙樺寲锛岀數鏋佺殑鍝嶅簲鏃堕棿浼氬彈鍒板奖鍝嶃€侟/span>
濡傛灉鏍峰搧鐨勬俯搴﹀揩閫熷彉鍖栵紝甯歌鐨刾H鐢垫瀬浼氫骇鐢熼绉伙紝鐩村埌鐢垫瀬涓庢牱鍝佹俯搴﹁揪鍒板钩琛°€備负浜嗕娇澶嶅悎鐢垫瀬瀵规牱鍝佹俯搴﹀搷搴旇繀閫燂紝蹇呴』淇濊瘉pH鐢垫瀬鍜屽弬姣旂數鏋佷繚鎸佷竴鑷淬€傛墍浠H鍜屽弬姣旂殑寮曠嚎闇€瑕佸绉扮殑鎺掑垪銆侟/span>
娴嬮噺鏍峰搧娓╁害鐨勫奖鍝岦/strong>
姣忎竴涓牱鍝佹憾娑插叿鏈夌嫭鐗圭殑娓╁害鐗规€у拰pH鐗瑰緛锛岃繖灏辨槸鎵€璋撶殑娓?span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">搴︾殑琛ュ伩绯绘暟銆傚畠琛ㄧず浜嗗綋娓╁害鍙樺寲锛宲H鍊煎浣曞彉鍖栥€侟/span>
鐢变簬姣忎釜鏍峰搧pH鍙樺寲鐨勭▼搴︿笉鍚岋紝鑻ラ渶琛ュ伩杩欎釜绯绘暟锛屾槸涓嶅彲鑳键span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">瀹炵幇鐨勩€傚繀椤绘寚鍑轰竴鐐癸紝姘寸殑瑙ｇ甯告暟鏈韩鍙楁俯搴﹀奖鍝嶃€傜函姘翠腑褰撴俯搴︿粠0鍗囪嚦100鈩傸/span>锛屼腑鎬х偣浼氬悜涓嬫敼鍙?.34pH鍗曚綅锛岃繖鏄敱浜庢俯搴﹀奖鍝嶄簡绂诲瓙绉€傚彟涓€绉嶆弿杩版槸褰撴俯搴︿笂鍗囨椂锛屾按鐨凨w浼氶檷浣庛€傚悓鏍风殑鎯呭喌涔熶細鍦ㄥ急閰稿拰寮辩⒈涓湅鍒帮紝杩欎篃鏄洜涓鸿В绂诲父鏁板彈鍒版俯搴︾殑褰卞搷銆侟/span>
娓╁害绯绘暟鍐冲畾浜庝互涓嬩袱涓弬鏁帮細
? 娲诲害绯绘暟(纬)
? 閰稿父鏁?/span>
褰撐宠繙绂?鏃讹紝鍗冲綋婧舵恫鐨勬祿搴﹀拰娲诲害瀛樺湪杈冨ぇ鍋忓樊鏃讹紝娲诲害甯告暟纬鐨勬俯搴︿緷璧栦細澧炲ぇ銆傝繖绉嶆儏鍐电壒鍒湪娴撶缉婧舵恫鍜屽惈楂樹环鐢佃嵎鐨勭瀛愮殑婧舵恫涓細鐗瑰埆瀹规槗鍙戠敓銆侟/span>
閰稿害甯告暟pKa涔熺敱娓╁害鍐冲畾锛屼絾鍛堥潪绾挎€у叧绯伙紝杩欐剰鍛崇潃閰哥殑瑙ｇ鐗规€у彈娓╁害褰卞搷鑰屾敼鍙樸€傚綋娓╁害鏀瑰彉锛岃繖绉嶈В绂荤壒鎬у鑷翠簡H+娴撳害鐨勫彉鍖栵紝鎵€浠H鍊间篃鍙戠敓浜嗘敼鍙樸€侟/span>
閫氬父锛屾湁鏈洪吀/纰辩郴缁熸瘮鏃犳満绯荤粺琛ㄧ幇鍑烘洿楂樼殑娓╁害绯绘暟锛屽苟涓旂⒈鎬ф憾娑叉瘮閰告€ф憾娑插彈鍒版洿澶х殑娓╁害褰卞搷銆侟/span>
鍙傝浠ヤ笅鐨勪緥瀛愶細
| pH 鍊硷細 |
20鈩傸br/> | 30鈩傸br/> |
| 0.001 mol/L HCl |
3.00 |
3.00 |
| 0.001 mol/L NaOH |
11.17 |
10.83 |
| 纾烽吀鐩愮紦鍐叉恫 |
7.43 |
7.40 |
| Tris缂撳啿娑秉br/> | 7.84 |
7.56 |
杩欎釜渚嬪瓙娓呮鐨勬樉绀轰簡鍗充娇婧舵恫鎺ヨ繎涓€H涔熶細鏈夊緢澶х殑娓╁害绯绘暟銆傚洜姝よ嫢闇€姣旇緝鍦ㄤ笉鍚屾俯搴︿笅娴嬮噺鐨刾H鍊硷紝蹇呴』鑰冭檻娓╁害鍥犵礌銆傜悊鎯崇殑鏉ヨ锛屾牱鍝侀渶鍦ㄧ浉鍚岀殑娓╁害涓嬫祴閲忥紝鎵嶈兘杩涜瀵规瘮銆侟/span>
閫氬父锛屽鍖栧婧舵恫鐨刾H杩涜娓╁害琛ュ伩鏄笉鍙兘鐨勩€傜劧鑰岋紝鍙互瀵更span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鏍囧噯缂撳啿婧舵恫鍒跺畾娓╁害琛ュ伩琛ㄣ€侻ettler Toledo鐨勬爣鍑嗙紦鍐叉憾娑叉俯搴﹁ˉ鍋胯〃瑙侀檮褰?.1銆傛琛ㄥ凡棰勭疆浜嶮ettler Toledo pH浠〃涓紝骞朵笖褰撴俯搴︽帰澶存彃鍏H浠〃鏃跺彲鑷姩鐨勮皟鐢ㄣ€傝繖鏍峰彲浠ョ‘淇濆湪杩涜鏍″噯鏃讹紝鎵€浣跨敤鐨勭紦鍐叉恫pH鍊间负瀹為檯娓╁害涓嬬殑姝ｇ‘pH鍊笺€侟/span>
4.7 娴嬮噺鐗规畩婧舵恫
褰撴祴閲忕殑鏍峰搧涓嶆槸姘存€ф憾娑诧紝娴嬮噺闈炲父鍥伴毦銆傝繖涓棶棰樻槸鐢辩數瀛忺span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鎴栧寲瀛︽柟闈㈡墍閫犳垚鐨勶紝灏嗗湪鏈妭鍋氱畝鍗曡璁恒€侟/span>
纰辫宸?/strong>
褰損H鏁忔劅鑶滃嚌鑳跺眰涓殑H+閮ㄥ垎鎴栧畬鍏ㄥ湴琚⒈鎬х瀛愬彇浠ｏ紝灏变細浜?span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">鐢熺⒈鎬ф晥搴斻€傝繖灏卞鑷翠簡鎵€娴嬮噺鐨刾H姣旀牱鍝佸疄闄呯殑pH浣庛€傚湪鏋侀檺鐨勬潯浠朵笅锛岀幓鐠冭啘浼氬拷鐣+娲诲害锛屼粎瀵归挔绂诲瓙鍝嶅簲銆侟/span>
灏界姝ゆ晥搴旂О涓虹⒈璇樊锛屼絾瀹為檯涓婂彧鏈夐挔绂诲瓙鎴栭攤绂诲瓙鎵嶄細浜х敓涓€瀹氱殑璇樊銆傚綋娓╁害澧炲姞涓攑H>9鏃讹紝姝ゆ晥搴斾細鏇存槑鏄俱€傚綋浣跨敤浜嗙壒娈婄殑pH鐜荤拑鑶滃悗锛岀⒈璇樊浼氬噺灏忋€傚浘28涓句緥浜嗙數鏋佺殑纰辨晥搴斻€侟/span>
閰歌宸?/strong>
鍦ㄥ己閰镐粙璐ㄤ腑锛屽嚌鑳跺眰浼氬惛闄勯吀鎬у垎瀛愶紝瀵艰嚧鍑濊兌灞備腑鐨凥+娲诲害鍑忓皯銆傚洜姝や細浜х敓浜轰负鐨勯珮pH銆傞吀璇樊鐨勫奖鍝嶆瘮纰辫宸皬锛屽苟鍙湪闈炲父浣庣殑pH鍊兼椂鎵嶄細鍙戠敓銆傞吀璇樊涔熷彲瑙佸浘28銆侟/span>
鍥 28. 鐢垫瀬閰哥⒈璇樊鍥剧ず
涓庡弬姣旀恫鍙嶅簲
鏍峰搧涓庡弬姣旀恫鍙戠敓鐨勫寲瀛﹀弽搴斾細浜х敓寰堝闂銆傛墍浜х敓鐨勬矇娣€鐗?span style="font-family: 瀹嬩綋, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">浼氬牭濉炴恫缁滈儴灏忓瓟锛屽苟澧炲姞浜嗙數闃汇€侟/span>
褰撲娇鐢↘CI浣滀负鍙傛瘮娑诧紝娴嬮噺浠ヤ笅鐨勭瀛愪細浜х敓娌夋穩鐗╁拰浣庢憾瑙ｅ害鐨勫寲鍚堢墿锛欬/span>
Hg2+, Ag+, Pb2+, CIO4-
AgCl浼氫笌Br-锛孖-锛孋N-锛岀壒鍒槸S2-鍜岀～鍖栫墿濡傝儽姘ㄩ吀鍜屽崐鑳辨皑閰哥～鍖栭摱閫犳垚鐨勬薄鏌撶墿瀵艰嚧娑茬粶閮ㄥ彉榛戙€傚绔犺妭2.1鎻忚堪锛屾恫缁滈儴鐨勬薄鏌撶墿浼氶€犳垚娴嬮噺鐨勯棶棰橈紝杩欐槸鍥犱负锛欬/span>
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? 鎵╂暎鐢典綅瀵艰嚧pH娴嬮噺璇樊
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鏈夋満浠嬭川
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鍥?9. 涓嶅悓婧舵恫鐨刾H鑼冨洿
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5. 闄勫綍
5.1. METTLER TOLEDO缂撳啿娑叉俯搴﹀搴旇〃
| 娓╁害 | METTLER TOLEDO鏍囧噯缂撳啿娑秉/strong> | NIST/DIN 19266 | |||||||||
| 5.0 | 1.67 | 2.02 | 4.01 | 7.09 | 9.45 | 10.65 | 10.25 | 11.72 | 4.004 | 6.950 | 9.392 |
| 10.0 | 1.67 | 2.01 | 4.00 | 7.06 | 9.38 | 10.39 | 10.18 | 11.54 | 4.001 | 6.922 | 9.331 |
| 15.0 | 1.67 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 7.04 | 9.32 | 10.26 | 10.12 | 11.36 | 4.001 | 6.900 | 9.277 |
| 20.0 | 1.68 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 7.02 | 9.26 | 10.13 | 10.06 | 11.18 | 4.003 | 6.880 | 9.228 |
| 25.0 | 1.68 | 2.00 | 4.01 | 7.00 | 9.21 | 10.00 | 10.01 | 11.00 | 4.008 | 6.865 | 9.183 |
| 30.0 | 1.68 | 1.99 | 4.01 | 6.99 | 9.16 | 9.87 | 9.97 | 10.82 | 4.015 | 6.853 | 9.144 |
| 35.0 | 1.69 | 1.99 | 4.02 | 6.98 | 9.11 | 9.74 | 9.93 | 10.64 | 4.026 | 6.845 | 9.110 |
| 40.0 | 1.69 | 1.98 | 4.03 | 6.97 | 9.06 | 9.61 | 9.89 | 10.46 | 4.036 | 6.837 | 9.076 |
| 45.0 | 1.70 | 1.98 | 4.04 | 6.97 | 9.03 | 9.48 | 9.86 | 10.28 | 4.049 | 6.834 | 9.046 |
| 50.0 | 1.71 | 1.98 | 4.06 | 6.97 | 8.99 | 9.35 | 9.83 | 10.10 | 4.064 | 6.833 | 9.018 |
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